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Submitted: April 4, 2012
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maaf 522by *dinosaurusgede

Fan Art / Manga & Anime / Traditional / Fan Comics

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=> Cartaz

Cartaz (plural cartazes, in ancient Portuguese language) was a naval trade license or pass issued by the Portuguese in the Indian ocean during the sixteenth century (circa 1502-1750), under the rule of the Portuguese empire. Officially, no vessel was permitted to sail in the Indian coast without this document, risking losing their cargo, being attacked and even sunk by the Portuguese - mainly Muslim, Hindu and Malay merchant ships. Every year, during the monsoon, Portuguese fleets patrolled the coasts requiring this document[4]. Later, as Portuguese lost influence, the issue of cartazes become in itself an important source of income for the crown. Source :[link]

=> Wokou

Wokou (Chinese character: 倭寇; Chinese pronunciation: wōkòu; Japanese pronunciation: わこう wakō; Korean pronunciation: 왜구 waegu), which literally translates as "Japanese pirates" in English, were pirates of varying origins who raided the coastlines of China and Korea from the 13th century onwards. Originally, the Wokou were mainly soldiers, ronin, merchants and smugglers from Japan; however in later centuries most of the pirates actually originated in China.[1]

=> Decline of the Wokou

The presence of the better armed Portuguese ships may have served to decrease pirate activity. Additionally, the accommodation with the Portuguese contributed to the demise of the tribute-trade system, which increased opportunities for legitimate Chinese traders as well. Another factor was that the Portuguese were able to sell tropical goods from Indonesia and India at a better price than the Wokou, many of whom were smugglers before pirates. The cost of illegal activity made the Wokou unable to compete with the Portuguese and drove the Wokou back into legitimate seafaring activities. Source :[link]

Hetalia, England aph, Spain aph, Egypt aph, Italy aph, Macau aph & Netherlands aph belonged to Himaruya H.
Spice Islands is Maluku Islands in Indonesia.
Indonesia aph, Malaysia aph & Portugal aph based on Himaruya's sketch. ([link])
India OC & Mughal OC design by dinosaurusgede
Philippines OC design by